Wikifunctions:词汇表

This page is a translated version of the page Wikifunctions:Glossary and the translation is 17% complete.

A

抽象 (英语：abstract): 不是使用特定的自然语言，而是从中抽象出来；旨在为自然语言文本、句子或短语背后的含义提供符号。与具体相反。
抽象文本 (英语：AbstractText): 维基函数想法的原型实现。
Abstract Article (英语：abstract article): A page in the main namespace of Abstract Wikipedia; a page that is similar to a Wikipedia article, but that is abstract. The opposite of concrete article. ("Abstract" is an adjective here; it doesn't mean "a summary of an article".)
抽象内容 (英语：abstract content): 查看内容。
抽象维基百科 (英语：Abstract Wikipedia): preliminary name of all the Content that can be used by local Wikipedias to render an article in natural language; currently proposed to live in Wikidata next to the corresponding Item, but that will be discussed before Part P2 of the development project.
别名 (英语：alias): 一个对象的替代标签，主要用于查找对象。
参数 (英语：argument): 提供给一个函数调用的输入
argument reference (英语：argument reference): a reference to one of the supplied arguments within a composition.
数组 (英语：array): Many programming languages have an "array" type. The counterparts in Wikifunctions are list and typed list. See also Benjamin array.
条目 (英语：article): a page in the main namespace of a Wikipedia in a particular language, usually representing one entry in Wikipedia in that language. Unlike an Abstract Article, an article is concrete, and may also be called "concrete article".

B

Benjamin array (英语：Benjamin array): a way to denote typed list proposed by Benjamin Degenhart, where a typed list is stored as a JSON list whose first element denotes the type. This is in contrast with the previous proposed schema, which uses LISP-style singly-linked lists, in which the type must be stored once in each node.
布尔值 (英语：boolean): 可以有2个状态的值，通常表示true和false。
内置 (英语：built-in): 一个函数的原生实现由解析器提供，并且不能通过维基界面进行编辑。

C

调用 (英语：call)

see function call. In English, the term invoke or invocation may also be used.

规范的、规范化的 (英语：canonical, canonicalized, canonicalised)

a specific, less verbose and thus more readable way to represent ZObjects in JSON; it is the usual representation ZObjects are stored in Wikifunctions. This is opposed to normal.

字符 (英语：character)

Unicode 定义的字符，字符串的组成部分；一个字符可以由多个字节（或八位字节）组成。

claim (英语：claim)

In the Wikibase data model, a claim is a main snak plus optional qualifiers, expressing an assertion about an entity (without references or rank).

Example: Entity: Albert Einstein

Claim: Spouse = Mileva Marić, starting in 1903
Main snak: P26 (spouse) → Q937 (Mileva Marić)
Qualifier snak: P580 (start time) → 1903

→ “Albert Einstein’s spouse was Mileva Marić, starting in 1903.”

The claim can later be turned into a statement by adding a reference and rank.

composition (英语：composition)

a form of implementation of a function, where the implementation is given by the combination of other functions; see Function model.

composition notation (英语：composition notation)

an easy-to-read notation for compositions; see Function model.

具体 (英语：concrete)

使用特定的自然语言。与抽象相反。

concrete article (英语：concrete article)

See article. The opposite of Abstract Article.

cons (英语：cons)

a function to create a new list by adding an element at the top of it; see phab:T261474. See cons in Wikipedia.

constructor (英语：constructor)

an abstract building block of content. A constructor aims to capture the meaning of a single phrase or sentence structure. It often has slots that can take other constructors, and can itself be used as a value to fill the slots of other constructors.

content, abstract content (英语：content, abstract content)

abstract representation of a text or text fragment, assembled from constructors. Technically, an instance of a constructor. The top level constructor is used to represent a whole article and stored in Abstract Wikipedia, but content can be also for just a sentence or phrase. Sometimes called abstract content.

curried, curry, currying (英语：curried, curry, currying)

A curried function is a function that was translated from taking multiple arguments into a sequence of functions, each with a single argument. This technique is named after the American mathematician Haskell Curry. See Currying in Wikipedia.

D

反序列化 (英语：deserialization): 序列化之反义
development project (英语：development project): a project to develop Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia; see Abstract Wikipedia plan.
display function (英语：display function): a synonym of renderer. For example, a function that converts a type into a string that users can understand, such as converting a Number 123456 to "123,456" in (International) English, "1,23,456" in Indian English, "123.456" in French, etc., or converting the Date '2024','03','12' to '2024-03-12', and so on.
帮助文档 (英语：documentation): human-readable text explaining an object.

E

eneyj (英语：eneyj)

prototype model of Wikifunctions;
a JavaScript implementation of an evaluator of that model provided in abstracttext.

错误 (英语：error)

a type whose instances indicate problems in evaluation or validation; see Function model.

evaluation (英语：evaluation)

The action performed by the evaluator.

evaluator (英语：evaluator)

a piece of software that takes a ZObject and evaluates it, that is executes a Function and returns the result. We envision the development of several evaluators. Evaluators may be implemented and run in the browser, on the server of the Wikimedia Foundation, in the cloud, in an app on a mobile device, or other places. Compare to executor and orchestrator.

execution (英语：execution)

The action performed by the executor.

executor (英语：executor)

one of a set of internal services which are not exposed to the public. They can be only called by the orchestrator. They run native code in a specific programming language. There would be one executor for Lua, one for JavaScript, one for Python, etc. See the service documentation. Compare to evaluator and orchestrator.

F

函數 (英语：function): the specification of a computation that takes some input and returns output; see Function (computer science) in Wikipedia.
function call (英语：function call): A function call is a ZObject consisting of a function and the required arguments for the function, and can be evaluated to another ZObject. In English, the term "invoke" may also be used.
function evaluator (英语：function evaluator): See evaluator.
function executor (英语：function executor): See executor.
function model (英语：function model): see Function model.
function orchestrator (英语：function orchestrator): See orchestrator.
function schemata (英语：function schemata): a set of pre-defined ZObjects used in orchestrator and evaluator. The WikiLambda system account also populates pre-defined ZObjects on-wiki from function schemata.
functional (英语：functional): short for "purely functional", meaning that the evaluation of such a function has no side-effects and is deterministic, that is always the same; see Purely functional programming in Wikipedia; see Function model.

G

generic type (英语：generic type): a type generated by evaluation of a function call.

I

identity (英语：identity): The identity of a type is an instance of (specific) function that evaluates to the type. For a simple type, it is a reference to the type itself.
implementation (英语：implementation): a particular way to execute a function. An implementation may be a piece of code in a certain programming language, refer to functionality “built into” the evaluator, or compose calls to other functions. A function may have many implementations, which should all be equivalent. Short for "ZFunction implementation".
实例 (英语：instance): 每个ZObject都是其类型的一个实例。
invoke (英语：invoke): synonym for call in English. See function call.
项目 (英语：item): an entry in Wikidata's knowledge base; see Item in the Wikidata glossary.

J

JSON (英语：JSON): 一种广泛使用的数据传输格式；参见维基百科中的JSON。

K

key (英语：key): a string which ends with the letter K followed by a natural number, and is optionally preceded by a ZID. Keys are defined in Wikifunctions usually on Types or Functions, and are used to build up ZObjects.

L

标签 (英语：label): main name given to identify a ZObject. May only be plain text.
lexeme (英语：lexeme): an entry in Wikidata storing lexicographic knowledge about, roughly, a word; see Lexeme in the Wikidata glossary.
linearizer (英语：linearizer): (this term is no longer used in current terminology, but can still be found in older documents) synonym of renderer (1).
list (英语：list): a data type that groups an arbitrary number of instances in an ordered entity; see List (abstract data type) in Wikipedia.
literal (英语：literal): a value that is not a ZObject. Currently the only accepted literal is string.
local Wikipedia (英语：local Wikipedia): a Wikipedia in a specific language, such as Hebrew Wikipedia, Japanese Wikipedia, or Italian Wikipedia.

M

multilingual Wikipedia (英语：multilingual Wikipedia): the architecture that allows local Wikipedias to enrich themselves by rendering the Content from Abstract Wikipedia and thus have a more comprehensive, current, and correct Wikipedia in their language; see Abstract Wikipedia architecture.

N

natural language (英语：natural language): a specific natural language in the wider sense, such as English, Tagalog, or Swahili; see Natural language in Wikipedia.
normal (英语：normal): an extended, easily processable and very uniform way to represent ZObjects in JSON. This is opposed to canonical.
nothing (英语：nothing): a data type that can have no instances; see Bottom type in Wikipedia.

O

object (英语：object)

In JavaScript or JSON, an object is basically an associative array; see Associative array in Wikipedia.
In Wikifunctions, synonym of ZObject.

orchestration (英语：orchestration)

The action performed by the orchestrator.

orchestrator (英语：orchestrator)

a service that takes a ZObject and returns an evaluated version of it. To do this, it will make calls to the wiki for other ZObjects it needs, to the executor to evaluate some function calls, and other services such as Wikidata. See the service documentation. Compare to evaluator and executor.

P

page (英语：page): a part of a wiki. A wiki consists of a number of individual pages, which can be edited independently, have internal links to each other, etc.
parser (英语：parser): a function to convert a string to a ZObject. The opposite of renderer.
pair (英语：pair): a compound ZObject that contains two ZObjects of specific (but arbitrary) type.
Part P1 (英语：Part P1): the part of the development project that deals with creating Wikifunctions. It starts at the beginning of the project and goes on throughout its whole lifetime; see Part P1: Wikifunctions.
Part P2 (英语：Part P2): the part of the development project that deals with creating Abstract Wikipedia. It starts after about a year in the project and goes on throughout the second half of its lifetime; see Part P2: Abstract Wikipedia.
persistent (英语：persistent): a ZObject with a ZID and with its own page in the wiki. Most persistent ZObjects will include values that are ZObjects with no ZID, and are therefore not persistent.
property (英语：property): used to make a statement about an Item in Wikidata's knowledge base; see Property in the Wikidata glossary.

Q

quote (英语：quote): a data structure that is not to be evaluated but kept verbatim.
QID (英语：QID): Wikidata中项目的标识符，由字母“Q”及其后的整数组成。

R

reading function (英语：reading function): a synonym of parser. A function that converts user text input from a string into a given Type. For example, converting the String "123456" to the Number '123456', or the string "2024-03-12" to the Date '2024', '03', '12'.
reference (英语：reference): an ID denoting the underlying object. For example, the string "Z11" refers to the Type Z11/Monolingual text.; Note：This term has a completely different meaning than on Wikidata; see Reference (computer science) in Wikipedia.
renderer (英语：renderer) (1): a function to convert a ZObject to a string. The opposite of parser. (formerly called "linearizer")
renderer (英语：renderer) (2): a function that gets a content and an identifier for a natural language as an input and returns text in that natural language as output, representing the content as concrete text, using knowledge from lexemes.; Note：This is a future feature, and the meaning of the term "renderer" in the original proposal; this term collides with the current usage of "renderer", so it may be renamed in the future.
reify (英语：reify): a function that deconstructs an object into its constituent parts so that the parts can be individually accessed; see Reification in Wikipedia; see phab:T261474.
REPL (英语：REPL): a Read / Eval / Print - Loop, a command line interface that takes some input, evaluates it, and displays the result; see REPL in Wikipedia; see Function model.

S

schemata (英语：schemata): See function schemata.
serialization (英语：serialization): Ways to represent ZObjects in JSON; see also canonical, normal.
snak (英语：snak): In the Wikibase data model, a snak is the smallest unit of a statement, linking a property to either a value, “no value”, or “some value.”; Example statement for 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦 (Q937) with 3 snaks:; Main snak:; Property: 配偶 (P26) → Value: 米列娃·马利奇 (Q76346); Qualifier snak (adds context):; Property: 始于 (P580) → Value: 1903; Reference snak (supports the claim):; Property: 载于 (P248) → Value: Catalog of the German National Library (Q23833686); Resulting statement (in words): “Albert Einstein’s spouse was Mileva Marić, starting in 1903, as stated in the Catalog of the German National Library.”
statement (英语：statement): used to represent an assertion about an Item from Wikidata's knowledge base; see Statement in the Wikidata glossary (but note that a “claim” without references is still represented as a 維基數據陳述（Z6003）).
string (英语：string): a sequence of characters.
sum type (英语：sum type): a type that can have instances of any of its constituent types; see Sum type in Wikipedia; see Function model.

T

template (英语：template): a way to specify a renderer as text interspersed with place-holders, or slots, which can be filled with data from constructors, function calculation, or content from another template. See the document Template Language for Wikifunctions for a detailed discussion of the template syntax.
tester (英语：tester): a way to automatically determine if a given ZFunction is doing the right thing. A function will typically have multiple testers, each specifying some input to the function and conditions the output for the given input must fulfil. For example, testers for a “title case” function might include: “abc” should become “Abc”; “war and peace” should become “War and Peace”; “война и мир” should become “Война и мир”; and “123” should remain “123”.
transient (英语：transient): Opposite of persistent.
type (英语：type): The type of an object tells us how to interpret and understand the given object, and what can be done with the object. For example, if we have an object with the value “2023”, depending on whether its type is integer, or year, or string, we understand that object differently. Every object refers to “a thing in the real world”. The integer 2023 is different from the year 2023. The type tells us how to interpret a given object, so that we know which thing in the real world it refers to. Technically, it defines how objects of that type are structured and what conditions they need to fulfill to be a valid object of that type. A type defines the conditions for a ZObject to be a valid instance of this type, by providing a function that validates a ZObject. Types are ZObjects themselves, so that contributors of Wikifunctions can create new types.
type converter (英语：type converter): A script written in some programming language (such as JavaScript), taking a native object (such as BigInt), and returning a JSON object representing the corresponding ZObject; or vice versa.
typed list (英语：typed list): A typed list is a list in which all members of the list are of a specific, predefined type. For example, a typed list of strings is a list in which all members of the list are strings. A typed list takes one argument: the type that all the members of the list have to be an instance of. Typed lists are probably the most widely used generic type.

V

value (英语：value): the string or ZObject associated with a key in another ZObject.
validation (英语：validation): The action performed by the validator.
validator (英语：validator): A function taking a ZObject as argument and returning a list of errors found.

W

wiki (英语：wiki): a web site that allows for the easy and collaborative editing of its pages.
维基数据 (英语：Wikidata): a project of the Wikimedia Foundation, a free, collaboratively edited knowledge base; see Wikidata.
Wikifunctions (英语：Wikifunctions): new project of the Wikimedia Foundation; a free, collaboratively developed and maintained catalog of functions. It was initially known as Wikilambda in the original proposal (that name is now used for the WikiLambda extension).
WikiLambda (英语：WikiLambda): the software used to power the project, Extension:WikiLambda.
WikiLambda system (英语：WikiLambda system): an automated system account that is a key part of the WikiLambda extension. See User:WikiLambda system for its current function.
Wikimedia Foundation (英语：Wikimedia Foundation): organization that supports the Wikimedia movement; see Wikimedia Foundation.
维基百科 (英语：Wikipedia): a project of the Wikimedia Foundation, a free, collaboratively edited encyclopedia; see Wikipedia.
Wikipedia, Abstract (英语：Wikipedia, Abstract): see Abstract Wikipedia.
Wikipedia, multilingual (英语：Wikipedia, multilingual): see multilingual Wikipedia.

Z

ZID (英语：ZID): an ID starting with the letter Z and followed by a natural number. Used to identify persistent ZObjects.
ZFunction (英语：ZFunction): a wiki page on Wikifunctions that describes a particular function that can be used through the evaluator. Each ZFunction can be realised in code by one or more Implementations, and said implementations can be verified as correct by one or more Tester ZFunctions.
ZKey (英语：ZKey): a ZObject defining a key for a particular type.
ZList (英语：ZList): a ZObject for an ordered sequence of other ZObjects.
ZObject (英语：ZObject): every entry in Wikifunctions is a ZObject. ZObjects stored in Wikifunctions have ZIDs and can be of numerous types, such as Constructors, Functions, Types, etc. A ZObject consists of a set of Key/Value pairs, with each Key appearing only once per ZObject and Values being ZObjects.
ZUnit (英语：ZUnit): a ZObject that represents a Unit type.